Japanese government bond yields climbed on Friday, with the five-year yield hitting a record high as weak demand at a two-year bond auction added to selling pressure. Persistent inflation concerns also strengthened expectations for further monetary policy tightening by the Bank of Japan.Yields extended their gains after the two-year Japanese government bond auction showed a notable decline in demand compared with the previous month’s sale. The weaker auction raised concerns about investor appetite for Japanese government debt at current yield levels, Reuters reported.The five-year JGB yield rose 4 basis points to 2.195%, its highest level on record. Bond yields move inversely to prices.The two-year yield increased 1.5 basis points to 1.7%, reversing an earlier flat reading before the auction results were released. The benchmark 10-year yield climbed 3.5 basis points to 2.925%.Longer-dated bonds also came under pressure. The 20-year JGB yield rose 4 basis points to 3.805%, while the 30-year yield gained 5 basis points to 4.11%.Inflation keeps BOJ rate-hike expectations aliveJapanese bond yields had already been moving higher after oil prices rose overnight amid continued uncertainty in the Middle East. Higher energy prices can add to inflationary pressures in Japan, reinforcing concerns about the outlook for consumer prices.Those concerns were strengthened by fresh inflation data from Tokyo. Reuters reported that Tokyo’s consumer inflation edged higher in August, supporting expectations that the Bank of Japan could consider raising interest rates as soon as its next policy meeting.The Tokyo inflation figures are closely watched because they are regarded as an early indicator of nationwide price trends. Persistent price pressures could give the central bank greater scope to continue normalising monetary policy after years of ultra-loose settings.Global rate outlook in focusInvestors were also keeping a close watch on the Federal Reserve’s policy outlook, with markets awaiting Kevin Warsh’s first speech as Fed chair at the Jackson Hole economic symposium later on Friday.The remarks could provide clues about the direction of US monetary policy and influence global bond markets, including Japanese government debt. Shifts in US Treasury yields and expectations for the Federal Reserve can affect investor demand for JGBs and the yen.With domestic inflation showing signs of persistence, oil prices remaining elevated and global interest-rate uncertainty continuing, Japanese bond markets are facing pressure from both domestic and international factors.(Disclaimer: Recommendations, suggestions, views, and opinions given by experts are their own. These do not represent the views of The Economic Times.)