The security operation followed the previous week's unrest, when authorities acknowledged that police had lost control of several city centres. Security was tightened around major landmarks in Paris, including the Arc de Triomphe.

The Louvre and Orsay museums, along with the Art Basel fair, also closed for the weekend as authorities sought to protect prominent venues from further violence. Students, teachers demand better education facilitiesThe demonstrations began last month after complaints about staff shortages at a high school southeast of Paris.

The movement has since expanded, drawing students, teachers and trade unions into a wider campaign against deteriorating public education and mounting financial pressures. 4 million teaching hours during the 2024-25 school year because staff absences went unreplaced.

5% of scheduled class time was not delivered. Students are demanding 250,000 additional higher education places, changes to the Parcoursup university admissions system, a freeze on rents in public student accommodation and a monthly increase of 200 euros in grants.

Economic concerns have added to the discontent. 1%, putting further pressure on households already struggling with the cost of living.

Protesters voice anger over inequality and lack of opportunitiesThe march brought together people from different generations and professions, many of whom said they feared the long-term consequences of inadequate public services and rising economic inequality. Camille Chesnier, 27, who has an engineering degree and a master's degree but remains unemployed, described the difficulties faced by young people trying to find work and secure housing."

There are enormous numbers of people in the same situation as me but who aren't privileged and who find themselves living on the streets and in squats and, frankly, it's very tough." Bénédicte Pittion, a 46-year-old teacher who marched alongside her 16-year-old daughter, Garance, said the young demonstrators had not received an adequate response from the authorities."

The young people who have been demonstrating have not been heard, and as a parent and as a teacher, I stand with them." Garance said she felt "really scared" after the violence during previous weekend protests.

However, she argued that staying home would allow the government to claim victory. Soumaya Abed, 58, a veteran nurse wearing a red CGT union vest, criticised the decision to push the march towards the outskirts of Paris."

They are using what happened last week as an excuse to quiet protesters. But it won't stop the movement.

It won't stop students from demanding better conditions in schools." Louis Ledoux-Xatard, another Paris protester, said growing economic inequality had left him concerned about the country's future."

Looking at countries like the United States, we don't want to end up like them, where part of the population has everything and the others have nothing. I never imagined that I'd be taking to the streets so much before my thirties."

Macron faces mounting pressure as protesters reject concessionsThe protests pose a fresh challenge to Macron, whose approval ratings have fallen to their lowest levels since he took office in 2017. The unrest comes in the closing months of his term, as discontent over public services and living costs continues to grow.

Macron met student representatives on Friday and promised changes to university admissions. However, protest organisers rejected the offer as insufficient, signalling that the government's response has done little to ease tensions.

The movement has also drawn comparisons with the yellow vest protests, which began in 2018 over fuel taxes and expanded into a broader revolt against the cost of living and perceived economic inequality. The yellow vest movement has called for another national day of action on October 31 to defend the right to demonstrate, suggesting that the latest clashes may be part of a wider period of unrest rather than an isolated outburst.

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