President Donald Trump signed two executive orders on Thursday aimed at scaling back US birthright citizenship, weeks after the Supreme Court struck down his previous attempt to end the 150-year-old policy.

The first order limits automatic citizenship for children born in the United States to two non-citizen parents, while the second order bans birth tourism, the practice of pregnant mothers traveling to the US to ensure their children become citizens.

Under the first executive order, automatic citizenship is denied to babies born to two non-citizen parents if one parent meets any of the following conditions:

• Is a member of a foreign terrorist group
• Is a foreign government employee
• Attempted to gain citizenship through fraudulent means
• Lives in US territories where citizenship is not conferred by federal statute

Trump criticized the Supreme Court's June ruling against his earlier 2025 executive order targeting 14th Amendment protections, calling it a "bad decision, very unfair decision" and stating, "our country suffers because of it, and we're ending in a different way."

While Trump stated that hundreds of thousands of babies are born in the US through birth tourism, figures from the Migration Policy Institute present different statistics:

• The most expansive census-based estimate accounts for about 22,000 to 26,000 births per year from birth tourism.
• Government data showed 9,600 births to mothers with foreign addresses in 2024.

Stephen Miller, homeland security advisor and White House deputy chief of staff for policy, stated that the president possesses authority to ban birth tourism under the Immigration and Nationality Act. However, Gabriel Chin, a law professor at the University of California Davis, told the BBC that while entry restrictions may hold up, the president lacks power to deny citizenship to a child once born in the US.